A range of biological, targeted and novel immunotherapeutic approaches are being used to treat MM. Some of these agents may not be reimbursed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) but may be available through clinical trials. Efforts should be made to identify patients who may be eligible for clinical trials, particularly when PBS options are exhausted.

Some emerging therapies include:

• chimeric antigen receptor T-cells
• bispecific antibodies (T-cells engagers or natural killer cell engagers)
• antibody-drug conjugates
• novel monoclonal antibodies
• cereblon E3 ligase modulators
• BCL2 inhibitors (these are particularly effective for patients with the cytogenetic lesion of t(11;14)
• selective inhibitor of nuclear