Participation in clinical trials, patient registries and tissue banking, where available, is encouraged for patients with CAYA acute leukaemia. The most important factor contributing to the improvement in survival in childhood leukaemia over the past 50 years has been the widespread participation in well- conducted phase 3 clinical trials (Pui et al. 2015). Clinical trial protocols are rigorously peer reviewed and are a means to ensure CAYA are receiving the best available treatment. These are expected to continue to be important in increasing survival rates for future generations. Enrolment in a clinical trial should be considered the standard of care for CAYA acute leukaemia, whenever possible.

For more information visit:

• Cancer Australia 
• Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 
• Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group 
• Australian & New Zealand Childrens Haematology/Oncology Group 
• ClinTrial Refer <www.clintrial.org.au>
• Clinical Trialsfor an international view.

For more information see the Victorian paediatric oncology care pathways: Providing optimal care for children and adolescents – acute leukaemia, central nervous system tumours and solid tumours (May 2019)